Factored Values For Concrete

In the case of concrete the Torsion Constant () needs to be modified for the following reasons:

• The above formulae do not consider cracking of the concrete.

• There is the practical difficulty of reinforcing for torsion.

For concrete, the actual value ranges from 0.15 to 0.5 of the theoretical (linear elastic) value. BS8110 Part 2 Clause 2.4.3 recommends that half the linear elastic value (calculated above) is used in an analysis.