Factored Values For Concrete
In the case of concrete the Torsion Constant () needs to be modified for the following reasons:
The above formulae do not consider cracking of the concrete.
There is the practical difficulty of reinforcing for torsion.
For concrete, the actual value ranges from 0.15 to 0.5 of the theoretical (linear elastic) value. BS8110 Part 2 Clause 2.4.3 recommends that half the linear elastic value (calculated above) is used in an analysis.